At the cottages, vegetable gardens you can find a variety of plants, yielding a rich crop of vitamins. Onion is considered one of the most common household crops.. This plant is found in almost every summer cottage. Next, we consider the rules and terms of planting, especially the care of the family onions in the open field.
Table of contents
Description and characteristics of family onions
This herb is also called shallots and is a multicore variety of onions. Family onions are a perennial crop. This culture got its interesting name due to its peculiarity - the so-called family, “nest” is formed from one bulb from which many other onions appear. On average, the number of such daughter onions to 10 pcs. In diameter, the daughter bulbs reach up to 4 cm, weighing up to 50 g.
The form of affiliated onions is found:
- oval;
- rounded;
- rounded flat.
All affiliated onions are attached to the mother and for this reason they are irregularly shaped and slightly pointed at the point of attachment.
Color scales of onion is:
- Violet;
- golden;
- bronze;
- reddish.
In the section, the bulb is white or pinkish-purple.
This culture has lush greenery. Bulb feathers are thin and delicate, and sometimes covered with a waxy bloom. Greens reach a height of 30-50 cm.
The root system of this culture is lobe, weakly branched and is located in the arable layer.
The inflorescences of family onions are presented in the form of an umbrellawhich is located on the high arrow. The latter can reach up to a meter height. Seeds are similar in appearance to onion seed, but smaller in size.
Top Grades
This culture has a lot of varieties, which are divided into:
- early maturing
- mid-season;
- late
Early maturing
Emerald
Characterized by bulbs rounded. The husk of this variety is pink-brown. The mass of onions reaches 20-30 g. In the nest is up to 5 pcs.
Snowball
Characterized by egg-shaped bulbs. Scales are white. Their mass reaches 32 year
Sprint
It is considered one of the best early ripe varieties. Bulbs large in size, reach up to 40 year In the nest is usually 10 pcs.
In addition, the most common early varieties are Cascade, Family, Belozerets 94, Rostov, etc.
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- Belorerets 94
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- Shallot Cascade
Mid-season
Albik
Characterized by bulbs of a rounded flat shape. Their average weight 20-30 year In the nest is 4-5 pcs.
Kuban yellow
It is characterized by round-flat bulbs. Mass is25- 30 year There are 3-4 pieces in a family Color scales yellowish-brown.
Koinarsky
It is a highly productive variety. Bulbs reach a mass up to 25 g, brownish-pink color.
In addition, the popular mid-season varieties are varieties Guran, Ural 40, Sophocles, Monastyrsky.
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- Sophocles
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- Ural 40
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- Guran
Late-ripening
Kunak
It is characterized by bulbs of a rounded or rounded flat shape. Yellow scales. The family has 3-4 pieces.
Burly
Characterized by bulbs weight 23-52 gcovered with pink scales. There are 4-5 pieces in a family.
Siberian Amber
Characterized by round-flat bulbs on 28-30 g. Scales yellow color. In the family, there are usually 6-7 pieces.
In addition, the famous are Merneulsky, Zolotinka and Vonsky varieties.
Terms of planting family onions in the open ground
Cultivation in the open field of this plant has some peculiarities. This culture is not afraid of frost and it is planted in March-April.. The harvest of greenery is ready for harvest in May, and the head of the bulb will ripen a month later.
Although the family onion is considered to be a frost-resistant plant, for the winter it is recommended to land in the southern territories. In the middle lane and in the Urals with strong frosts, about half of the onions planted are lost.
Soil preparation
In order to grow a good harvest, you need to choose the right plot and prepare the soil. Culture sprouts well in the sunlit areas. The plant feels great in fertile, moderately wet soils.which must be prepared before landing.
If the landing will be held in the spring, the soil is prepared in the fall.: the soil is cleared from weeds, and then dug up to a depth of approximately 20-25 cm.
Per each square meter contribute:
- 5 kg of humus or compost;
- 1 tspsuperphosphate;
- 1 tsp urea;
- 2-3 art. spoon ash wood.
Before landing in spring add to each square meter 25 g nitrogen fertilizer. If the planting of the plant will be held in the fall, the soil is prepared in the summer.
Rules, scheme and features of landing in the spring
To protect the plant from diseases, before planting sevka, it is recommended to moisten it for half an hour in a solution of a fungicide preparation or in a solution of potassium permanganate.
For planting take small onions, about 3 cm in diameter. Per square meter planted approximately 30 pieces, about 10 cm apart. Onions are planted in moist soil, deepening 10 cm.
For spring planting, it is recommended to cover the crops with lutrasil, which is removed after the first gatherings, in order to increase the yield and to prevent rifle marks. Besides, it is necessary to mulch the soil with the use of humus or peat.
If planting is carried out before winter, then planting is carried out in the same way, and mulching is carried out with peat.
Proper care of shallots
Caring for a plant grown in open ground is not at all difficult and consists of the following:
- Watering.
- Loosening.
- Weeding beds.
- Top dressing.
At the beginning of growth, the family onion should be watered periodically, because if the plant does not have enough moisture, it will quickly complete the growing season and the onions will not be able to fill enough. Approximately one month prior to collection, watering is stopped.. A layer of mulch will help retain moisture. For the entire season, watering is carried out at least 3 times.
In rainy weather water the plant should be less, and in dry weather watering should be frequent. In cloudy weather and without precipitation, the plant should be watered approximately once a week.
To loosen the soil is recommended 1-2 times a week. Weeds must be constantly removed to prevent the onions from being damaged by incurable infections.
When the arrows appear, it is recommended to trim them.
Family onions are well tolerated dressing. How to feed the plant:
- Bird droppings. The latter is diluted with water at the rate of 1:15.
- Complex mineral fertilizers: 40 g are dissolved in 10 l of water.
- Infusion of mullein. It is diluted in water in a ratio of 1:10.
It is necessary to stop fertilizing and stop fertilizing about a month before harvesting, so that the crop grows bulbs and does not continue to produce greens.
Family onions in comparison with a turnip differs in the distinguished taste, fast preparation. After its use, there is practically no smell from the mouth. For these reasons, the plant has become a real find for gourmets. And the cultivation of this crop is absolutely easy and under the force of novice gardeners.