A pear is a fruit tree, more capricious and susceptible to adverse weather conditions than its related apple tree. In spite of this its fruits deserve recognition and respect from gardeners. This article provides a detailed description of the Belarusian variety of pear late.
Table of contents
Description of pear varieties Belarusian late
Pear - a variety of Belarusian breeding, is a medium-growth tree, attributable to the group of winter varietal pears.
Crohn rounded, dense, formed by small, oblong-elliptical foliage. Leaf blades are smooth, have a light green color. On the edge of the sheet - small teeth.
Large skeletal branches almost at a right angle articulate with the trunk. The ends of the branches rise up. Cranked shoots are moderately thickened and have a light brown color with slight pubescence. In the cross section form a circle. The bark of shoots is covered with a variety of lentils.
Small buds, in turn, are not covered with pubescence and have a conical shape. Slightly bent off shoots.
The formation of fruit occurs on kolchatka:
- Simple;
- Difficult.
The flower of pear “Belarusian late” white with oval-shaped petals.
The opportunity to harvest the first harvest is already available at the 4th year of life. Fruit ripening usually takes place at the end of September. Pear yield high. But the positive impressions of the abundance of crops are reduced by their frequency.
Fruit characteristics
Fruits of the Belarusian Late pear are not distinguished by very large sizes, reaching a mass of only 110 - 120 g. Upon reaching maturity have the correct wide-circle shape. The fruit on the tree is mostly the same size.
The rough, light-colored skin of pears is covered with light brown dots. Color at the time of removal from the tree green, by the time of consumption, acquiring an orange-yellow color. Cover color from red-brown to raspberry shades.
Juicy pears with white pulp of average density. They are distinguished by their oiliness and tenderness. The taste is estimated from 4.2 to 4.4 points.. Fruits are sweet with a slight sourness. Pears of a grade "sit" on the shortened equal fruit stem.
Fruits taken from a tree in the last days of September may be preserved until February, sometimes longer.
The grade "Belarusian Late" is considered self-fertile (self-pollinated), but for more yield, the presence of “Oily” and “Bereloshitskaya” pears is recommended.
Breeding history, region of growth
Pear tree varieties "Belarusian late" refers to the winter varieties of breeding of the Belarusian Research Institute of Horticulture. The variety was obtained by sowing the seeds of uncontrolled pollination of the Kind Louise pear.
The variety was entered into the State Register of Breeding Achievements Allowed to Breeding in the North-West and Central Regions.
The advantages and disadvantages of the variety
Gardeners include the positive qualities of this variety:
- Skoroplodnost, that is, getting the first harvest only 3 or 4 years after planting;
- Long term preservation of fruits (in some cases, pears can be stored until April);
- High rate winter hardiness.
The disadvantages of pear:
- Periodism in fruiting;
- Susceptibility scab and bacterial burn;
- Shallowing fruits at the big harvests;
- Periodic trim requirement due to the tendency to thicken the crown.
Landing rules
The most favorable time for landing on the site is late spring.. Three days later, as well as within fourteen days after the snow cover disappears, the optimum time for planting a pear tree. Possible landing in the autumn period: before the first frost, but after the leaf fall.
When choosing a seedling, it is necessary to pay attention to the condition of the planting material. A young tree should have elastic branches and a dense crown with healthy leaves.. In the root system of the seedling should not be dry and dangling roots.
4x4 meters - the minimum size of the area under a pear tree, which guarantees its normal development. In addition, the pear prefers well-lit places with fertile soils. The soil for planting fruit trees should be well aerated and moderately moist. It is not allowed to plant Belarusian late on soils with regular stagnation of moisture or on too heavy clay soils, which will lead to slow growth and development of the tree. Growth on sandy soils is accompanied by similar symptoms.
Planting technology:
- Before planting, it is necessary to carry out preliminary soil preparation.. The most suitable substrate for young seedlings is rich in minerals, loose soil.
- Planting pit for the Belarusian Late Pear should be up to 80 cm in depth and 100 cm in diameter. Under the seedlings with a closed root system, the planting pit is prepared according to the dimensions of the earthy coma.
- Planting seedlings carried out in dry, warm weather.. First of all, from a young tree, all the leaves are removed, and also broken branches and dangling roots are cut. Before planting, it is necessary to maintain the seedling root system in water for 3 hours;
- In the center of the seat is preparing the holewhere the sapling is installed. At the same time, it is necessary to carefully ensure that the root neck is not buried in the soil - it is optimally placed at a height of 7 cm from the ground level;
- After filling the pit with pre-prepared primer, landing site is rammed;
- Watering after planting must be at least 30-40 liters per tree;
- After full absorption of moisture, the trunk circle is mulched wood shavings or crushed bark of small fraction.
Growing conditions
The care of the “Belarusian Late” variety is simple and consists in the timely conduct of dressings, pruning, as well as treatment against diseases.
For the first few years, the stem of the pear must be completely cleared of weeds., the soil is not worth digging.Planting clover, fescue red and meadow bluegrass under the tree will enrich the soil with necessary substances.
A Belarusian breeding pear is drought-resistant, but in especially dry periods a volume of water up to 70 liters per plant is introduced twice a week under a tree.
The purpose of pruning young pear trees - formation of the future tree crown. The trunk for this is cut to a quarter of its total height, and from 3 to 4 strong branches are left on the trunk. Pruning of adult trees is carried out in the spring. At the same time from the crown removed all damaged, in contact with large branches.
The first feeding is carried out only for 2-3 years after disembarkation. Fertilizers for pears can be applied by root and foliar methods.. In the future, autumn and spring feeding are carried out on a regular basis, summer foliar - if necessary.
Preparing the fruit tree for winter, despite its cold resistance, is necessary.The trunk is recommended to be tied with paper, and the trunk circles should be covered with a layer of wood shavings.
Harvesting and Storage
Fruit harvesting for storage is carried out 2-3 weeks before the average harvest date. Pears are removed from the branches by hand. During the transfer of fruit in the container must be careful: avoid blows and damage to the skin of the pear, the separation of the stem.
Fruits are stored in containers or wooden boxes in well-ventilated areas, with temperatures ranging from +2 to +9 degrees. In a container pears are stacked in no more than two layers. It is desirable to wrap each fruit in a separate newspaper sheet.
Peculiarities of this variety
Pear varieties "Belarusian Late" slope to a strong and rapid thickening of the crown, which has a negative impact on fruiting. To avoid this, regular anti-aging scraps are required..
Pears that are not stored are sent for processing - jams, juices and preserves. Dried fruits are often made from Belarusian pears.
Diseases and pests
Belarusian pear breeding is resistant to pests and diseases. Most often there is a defeat her scab.
To protect the tree from insect pests, processing is carried out in three stages:
- Spraying "Rogor-S" before flowering;
- 5% solution of Bordeaux liquid is applied after flowering;
- During the growing season, it is permissible to spray the tree with “Fitoverm” or “Aktaroy”;
- Urea 5% solution is used as prophylaxis.
Disease prevention:
- Before budding starts, the plant is sprayed with 3% Bordeaux liquid. In the period of blooming buds - "Tilt";
- After flowering, it is recommended to treat the trees with “Fundazole”, and in two weeks - with a solution of urea;
- 1% Bordeaux liquid processing is allowed during the growth of the fruit.
Due to its taste, as well as long shelf life variety "Belarusian late" secured in the hearts of many gardeners.The small area occupied by the tree is complemented by significant volumes of crops, which distinguishes the variety from many others.