Siberia is the largest territorial region of the Russian Federation. In the harshly sharply continental climate of this region, growing fruit orchards is not easy. Not every fruit tree will pass the test of Siberia and will delight juicy tasty fruits.
Recently, pear has been very popular with Siberian gardeners.. It turned out that she got accustomed to life in cold Siberia. The main thing is to choose the right varieties for planting. Today it is easy to do, since the breeders of Russia have advanced far in this direction and brought out a number of varieties of pears with high winter hardiness.Ideally suited for the Siberian latitudes of the variety: Perun, Lel, Severyanka, Siberian, Taiga, and other frost-resistant varieties, with a description and characteristics of which can be found below.
Table of contents
Varieties of pear varieties in Siberia: description and characteristics
Perun
Autumn pear variety Perun was bred at the Research Institute of Horticultural Siberia in Barnaul in 1994 by young breeders through pollination of hybrid forms. In 1998, the first varieties planted in the West Siberian and East Siberian regionswhere they happily settled down and beget fruit.
Perun - pear late autumn ripening. Fruits can be removed from mid-October and before the onset of frost.. Immature fruits, having lain some time after removal, become juicy, do not lose taste.
The tree is low with spreading crowns, blooms in late terms (hence the later ripening of fruits).Fruits of medium and large size are golden - yellow. The average weight of a pear is 150-200 grams. The taste of the fruit is sweet and sour fragrant, but not too juicy. The fruits are consumed fresh, dried for the manufacture of dried fruits.
The main advantage of pears of a grade "Perun" - high resistance to scab and other fungal diseases.
Terms of planting seedlings into the ground different, depending on the climatic conditions of the area. For snowy areas, spring disembarkation is recommended in order to avoid freezing of seedlings. Before planting, it is recommended to soak the pear for two days in water, then plant it. The tree begins to bear fruit at 4-5 years after planting.
The disadvantages of this class include low winter hardiness. Therefore, this variety is desirable to grow in the southern regions of Siberia.
Svarog
Early ripe for years proven pear variety, beloved by gardeners. It was bred in 1967 by crossing the French Bere Bosc variety and Ussuri pear. Settled down in the Altai and Krasnoyarsk Territories.
Yield varieties medium fructification is not abundant (19-20 kg per tree). Trees of medium height with a dense crown. After planting, bear fruit for 4 years. Fruits ripen by mid-September, stored at room temperature for up to three weeks. In refrigeration chambers, shelf life increases until January. Small fruits weighing 75-77 grams. The color is green, when stored in room conditions it turns yellow. The taste is sweet and sour, the fruits are juicy and tender. Consume fresh and recycle.
Lack of variety - Frequent defeat of the pear moth - butterfly of the family of wormworms, which gardeners successfully struggle with: clean the dead bark, use traps, etc.
Dignity varieties Svarog: high consumer performance due to excellent taste and high frost resistance of wood.
Lel
Lel cultivar of the summer ripening pear, bred at the Siberian Horticultural Research Institute. Received wide acclaim in Western and Eastern Siberia.
A tree of average height, from 4 to 6 meters in height, bears fruit annually. High yield (up to 45kg from the tree). Fruits are yellow-green, medium size. Fruit weight 100-110 grams. Crop harvested in late August.Pears are stored at room temperature for two or three days. The taste of the fruit is sweet and sour, juicy, tender, so consumers are in great demand.
Saplings planted in spring and autumn. It is important that they are not "grabbed" frost. After planting, the Lel variety loves abundant watering. Capriciously refers to the quality of the soil, it grows better on loam. Fruits in 4 years after planting. Good frost resistance.
The only disadvantage of this variety - low transportability, due to the short shelf life.
Northerner
Northerner - reliable, proven over the years variety of pears for the Siberian harsh climate. The history of obtaining this variety stretches from 1959, at the Michurin Institute a variety for cold winters was brought up Svetlyanka, which, after improvement and refinement, turned into the current Northerner. Its main advantage: strong frost resistance and the ability to recover quickly after severe winters.
For today Northerner almost not used in production, as there were modern, more high-yielding varieties. But amateur gardeners appreciate this variety for reliability and winter hardiness, therefore, its popularity has not fallen in private Siberian gardens.There were cases when the seedlings did not die at 50 degrees of frost.
Early ripe grade of pears. Fruiting in the second year of life. The tree is low. Fruits are medium: 80-100 grams. Productivity is high. In the hot summer up to 100 kg of pears can be removed from the tree. Harvesting takes place from the beginning to the end of August. During the harvest period, the fruits are green-yellow in color, then gradually turn yellow. Taste is sweet-sour, the consistence is dense, pulp is juicy.
"Severyanka" likes abundant regular watering, lack of moisture adversely affects the development of the fetus: the taste worsens, the fruits become shallow.
Variety pears Taiga
This is the result of crossing the Tenderness and Hanging, recently bred varieties. Pear - summer ripening, high yield. Tree srednerosloye, begins to bear fruit at 4 years of life. Valuable: unpretentious in the care. Productivity is high, regular. The fruits are poured by the end of August, small to 90 grams. Firmly held on the branches, not showered.The color of ripe pears is green, without shades. The taste of the fruit is sweet dessert, the consistency of the flesh is oily, white. Universal in production: used fresh, make juices, stewed fruit, wine.
Winter-hardy, drought-resistant, not afraid of pests, resistant to scab and gall mites.
There are no obvious deficiencies in this variety, except that the fruits are stored no more than a month.
Lukashovka
Variety of pears, bred by Khabarovsk breeder A.M. Lukashev. Wild Ussuri pear was crossed with various cultivars to improve frost resistance.. This strong variety of pears found recognition in all areas of Siberia.
The height of the trees reaches 5 meters. Unusually high yields: You can collect more than 200 kg from a tree. Fruit in a year. Fruits of various shapes, from elongated to cubic. Fetus sizes are large, 100-200 grams. But their quality leaves much to be desired. Unsaturated fruits are sour and tart, it is worth a little overripe, juiciness disappears, the fruit softens and falls apart. Therefore, this variety of pears is not in demand among consumers as a healthy tasty fruit, but has become indispensable for preservation.From unripe fruits make jam and compotes. Jam from them - a delicious filling for baking. Dried fruits from this variety are stored for a long time and do not lose taste and beneficial properties.
Lukashovka does not like strong moisture. Can grow and bear fruit on any soil.. The variety cannot pollinate itself, therefore pollination must occur with the pollen of another nearby tree.
Decarry
Dekabrinka, a relatively young variety of pears, the "brainchild" of the South Ural Research Institute. Gained great popularity in Western Siberia.
Pear ripening period. The tree grows to five meters in height. Ripe fruits appear by the end of September. The yield of the variety is quite high.. The fruits are small, shiny, dark green color of medium size (up to 120 grams). The flesh of the fruit is juicy, white, the taste is sweet and sour with a light delicate aroma. At room temperature, fruits are stored for one to three months. Well tolerated for long-term transportation.. Desirable for fresh consumption, not for processing.
Dekabrinka is very frost resistant. Confirmation: in the harsh Siberian winter of 1979, 98% of seedlings survived. The variety does not “take” scab and gall mites.Drought resistance varieties average.
Late blooming variety, not self-pollinating. Therefore, it is recommended to plant trees near it - pollinators. The optimal variety of donor pears is Uralochka, Larinskaya.
The disadvantage of this variety - late onset of fruiting, comes on the 7th year after planting.
Autumn dream
Unfortunately, the name is not true, since variety is not widespread due to small fruits.
The tree is low, sparse, high yields, but the presentation of the fruit leaves much to be desired. The ripening period begins at the end of August and the beginning of September. Fruits of sweet and sour taste of medium density with a long shelf life. At temperatures up to 5 - 10 degrees, they retain their presentation and taste for up to six months. The variety is more suitable for processing than for consumption in raw form. Compotes, jam, juice - are ideal from this variety of pears.
Variety resistant to scab and other pests.
Care and cultivation of winter hardy varieties of pears
Long-term experience of gardeners shows that growing pears in Siberia is not only possible, but it is fruitful if certain rules are followed.
Important to remember:
- pear - a plant that loves warmthit means that it should be planted in bright, protected from external factors places;
- northern pear varieties need additional watering in the first half of summerwhile the fetus is forming;
- is of great importance soil composition: chernozem desirable;
- It is desirable to plant seedlings in the spring from late April to mid-May, pre-feeding the soil with mineral fertilizers;
- every spring it is necessary to cut the crown and remove excess shoots in order to increase yields;
- for protection against insects on the trunk every spring, it is desirable to apply a lime solution.
Preparing Siberian pears for winter
That the pear safely transferred frosty Siberian wintersu, you need to carefully prepare for it. For this:
- remove old fruits on the branches, windfalls and fallen leaves carry away from the site, as they are a source of infectious diseases for plants;
- pruning dried branches, the release of bark from dead growths - a mandatory procedure before hibernation;
- important process the crown and scab from the trunkit is safer to use a 5% urea solution, and not toxic chemicals;
- to increase frost resistance it is necessary to feed the tree with potash or phosphate fertilizers;
- mandatory rule - to spud a tree with earth, and after precipitation, with snow, to retain heat in the root system. In case of a snowless winter, it is recommended to wrap the tree trunk with roofing felt or roofing paper. These materials will also protect the tree from the terrible enemy - rodents.
In this way, cultivation of pears in Siberia, a grateful business, bringing not only a good harvest to gardeners, but also giving room for creativity. With good care, compliance with the rules and rules of cultivation, a pear can give a wonderful harvest and a reason for pride to its breeders.