Pear tree is often planted in summer cottages and gardens, because its fruits are tasty and healthy. In addition, the beautiful flowering of pears with any other can not be confused. Pear trees can grow up to fifteen meters tall, and begin to bear fruit in the seventh year after planting.. Juicy, tasty, sweet pears are useful to eat raw, and you can make marmalade, jam, juice, stewed fruit, add to baked goods. In addition, pear fruits are very useful and are often prescribed in the diet menu for people suffering from kidney diseases. In this article, we consider the rules for pear care.
Table of contents
Mandatory pear care activities in spring and autumn
Like all fruit trees, pear requires careful attention and regular care. First you need to decide on the variety of pears that you want to plant, find out whether it is suitable for cultivation in your climate zone. If you choose a variety that is not recommended for a particular region, even with good care, the tree may not settle down, do not give the crop, or die at all.
After you decide on a variety, choose the right time for planting, as well as a place that should be sunny, on loose soil that lets in moisture and air. If apple trees grow on your site, it will be easier to learn how to properly care for your pear, since the measures for caring for both fruit trees are almost identical.
Pear trees must be watered, and best of all to do it through a spray.But if there is none, you can dig a shallow groove around it, but away from the trunk, since the absorbing roots are there, and pour water there. Must not forget to loosen the soil around the tree, remove the growth on the lower part of the trunk, as it most often infest pests and pathogens.
If you just planted a young pear tree, be sure to regularly loosen the ground around, weed and fertilize the weeds, as the seedlings have a very weak root system, which takes a long time to take root. If during this period does not follow the tree properly, then it may not settle down. Also, it is necessary to feed the pear, protect it from diseases and other pests, trim, cover for the winter.
Pruning and crown formation after planting
Planted seedlings on open ground one year old cut to a height of two feet above the ground, this is done in the spring. But, as a rule, biennial trees are already buying and planting. If you find a second vertical shoot in a seedlingcompeting with the leader, it must be removed, leaving one guide. If this is not done, a competitor escape will develop, which will subsequently weaken the center conductor.
Usually a tree of this age already has up to eight branches. Form the plant so that four skeletal branches remain, located at the same distance from each other.. The left branches are shortened by about a quarter, it is necessary for the better development of a strong crown and so that the tree does not branch too. All branches are cut the same, but the conductor is left twenty-five centimeters higher.
To weaken the growth of some branches, they can not be removed, but simply tilted horizontally and tied to pegsAs a result, their growth will stop, and they themselves will overgrow with wood. The following year, it is necessary to make another formative pruning so that the branches are arranged in tiers at a certain distance from each other. Each tier should consist of two or three skeletal branches.
You do not need to think that this is too difficult a task for a novice gardener, but it will help to form the crown of a tree so that it will not be formed later without thickening branches and shoots. An adult formed tree also requires pruning.but it consists in removing small branches, tops that grow inside the tree, and also broken branches.
Spring pear processing: top dressing and fertilizer
In the spring, we start caring for a tree from cleaning the backyard, that is, you need to scrape the remaining fallen leaves, fruits, and broken, broken and fallen branches over the winter. It is necessary to do this because last year’s leaves and fruits could have overwhelmed the pests that would infect a tree in the upcoming season.
After that it is necessary to start pruning the branches. If the tree is quite young, you need to continue to form the crown, adjusting the number of skeletal branches. In adult trees we remove broken branches, shoots and tops.so that moisture and nutrients are not wasted.
Spring is the time for vaccinations, this fascinating process will allow the tree to become more prolific.After that, the pear needs to be watered, and the earth under it should be loosened and fluffed, after which it should be mulched with peat or humus. The processing of a pear from pests and diseases in the spring is obligatory, the yield and survival of the tree depend on its quality. Preventive treatment measures for spring pear processing should comply with the following rules:
- spring pear is necessary process twice before its flowering;
- choosing drugs from pests, carefully look at the recommended period of their use. In the spring, first spray the pear with substances that destroy the existing harmful organisms.and then those that prevent their occurrence;
- Do not use too concentrated solutions., it can harm the pear, not benefit;
- alternate preparations;
- whenever possible minimize the use of chemicals.
Whitewashing trunks protects them from sunburn. All measures for pruning branches must be done before the formation of buds. Further conduct regular watering, inspection of the tree for pests and foci of disease. If you find fungal diseases that hit the tree, you need to immediately treat it with the necessary insecticides.
Autumn care measures
Autumn processing of pears occurs, as a rule, after harvesting. During this period, it is important not to allow pests and pathogens to remain for the winter in fallen fruits or leaves, under the bark of a tree or in the soil. therefore it is necessary to remove all weeds, all fallen pears and leaves, branches. Fruits can be carried in a compost pit, but the rest is better to burn. This way you can save not only the pear. But the rest of the garden from the causative agents of diseases of fruit trees.
In adult trees, the bark is examined and processed, removing the dead, and disinfected with whitewash. Thanks to the treatment with chalk or lime, the trunks of trees are better protected from the effects of low temperatures and the chance that they will crack from frost is lower. Hence, the pests will have nowhere to live. To provide the tree with oxygen in the winter, in the autumn it is important to dig and loosen the soil.. Dig up the soil from the trunk itself. Making pristvolny circle with a diameter of one meter.With a snowy winter with high rainfall, this measure will not allow the soil to be too compacted and damage the root system.
It is also useful to feed the pear with mineral fertilizers, but the nitrogenous ones should be abandoned so that the tree can start preparing for the winter in time and go into hibernation. If this does not happen, serious frostbite is inevitable. Be sure to water the tree even after harvesting, until the onset of frost. Pear Barrel needs to be protected from rodents, tying it with a special net, and the soil around it to mulch with peat.
Preparing pears for winter
To prevent the tree from being subjected to such mechanical damage as frostbite and sunburn, which is likely in winter, it must be whitened. Otherwise cracks may appear on the bark, in which pests and fungal spores will easily settle and overwinterwhich then infect him. In addition to the whitening layer, it protects it from sun exposure, disinfects the bole and kills pre-existing microbes. In the store you can buy ready-made solution.But you can cook it yourself by mixing a half kilogram of clay and two kilograms of lime in a bucket of water. If you whiten a seedling, cover it with a solution completely, if you already have a large tree, then start from the base of the trunk and cover with whitewash to the lower branches.
To make the ground more winter-resistant, grind it with humus or sawdust, together with the snow, it will protect against hypothermia and protect the delicate root system. Roots and bark of pears are especially fond of all sorts of rodents, therefore carefully wrap the trunk with netting, spruce branches or other covering materials that do not allow pests to damage the bark. If you are preparing a pear sapling for the winter, it is best to tie its branches so that the frosty wind will not damage them.
When and how to feed a pear
Pear can be fed at any time of the year, except perhaps in winter. You need to start in the spring, as soon as the trees come out of hibernation. The first fertilizer should be applied in liquid or solid form., but be sure to root. If spring is rainy, dig up the soil, and then fertilize.If dry, dilute the fertilizer with water and water the stem.
During the period when the kidneys begin to swell, feed the pear with nitrogen-containing preparations.. Repeat it during the flowering of the tree. This may be saltpeter, urea or diluted chicken droppings. When the pear has blossomed, fertilize with fertilizers, which activate the growing season and improve the quality of the fruit. This can be done organically or nitroammofoskoy.
In the summer, the pear does not need additional nutrition, it is enough for the accumulated nutrients. But, From mid-June, nitrogen fertilizers need to be applied, but not in the form of root dressing, but by spraying. This is due to the fact that due to the lack of moisture, the pear does not absorb microelements from the soil poorly, but through the foliage it happens better and faster. In July, it is worth alternating foliar nitrogen and mineral supplements, as well as adding fertilizers with phosphorus and potassium. Watch carefully for the disease on the tree. Immediately, as soon as you noticed the foci of disease, process the wood and make the treatment with tools that will help the pear to fight them.
Deadline fertilizer nitrogen fertilizers - September, since nitrogen will only stimulate the pear to grow, not allowing it to go for the winter. The best fertilizer for pears in winter is mineral. They can be purchased at the store. Young trees should be fed with wood ash, bringing it under the digging to a depth of ten centimeters. That the tree is not afraid of the winter coldIt is also recommended to fertilize it with potassium, phosphate and superphosphate, which are applied to one tablespoon per square meter of soil dug around the shafts.
A pear is a very delicate tree that requires attentive attitude and care. Be sure to form a crown so that there is no thickening, this will allow you to remove a decent crop from a tree. Remember that after planting a young sapling, it is possible to grow a strong and well-fruiting tree only with the proper agricultural techniques.. If you know all the rules that are quite simple, care will seem quite simple.