9 popular diseases of cherry and their treatment
 Cherry disease

Successful cultivation and longevity of cherry is possible only with the absolute health of the tree. Throughout life, a variety of diseases or physiological disorders in internal organs threaten the fruit tree.. Often, such phenomena become a real problem, trees no longer bear fruit, they dry out and then simply die. This happens even with the strongest trees. In this article we will understand why such troubles happen, get acquainted with possible diseases of the cherry tree, what preventive measures to take and how to treat the affected trees.

Why cherry does not bear fruit, possible diseases and methods of treatment

Cherry is one of the most disease-resistant crops among fruit trees. These figures have declined significantly, and the main reasons for this are the emergence of new types of fungal diseases and natural disasters.

The reason for the spread of the disease may be non-compliance with the prevention and rules of farming. Rotting plant debris, improper crop alternation, mass distribution of pests, lack of fungicide treatment, contributing to the epidemic of the entire site.

Cherry is most commonly affected by disease:

  • Perforated spotting,
  • Coccomycosis
  • Monilioz,
  • Anthracnose,
  • Comedication
  • Rust,
  • Scab,
  • Root cancer

Frequent causes of the lack of fruiting, even with abundant cherry blossoms, are dangerous diseases: coccomicosis and moniliasis. These diseases can cause other fruit trees in your garden: cherry, apricot, plum and others.

To provide timely assistance to the tree, to protect yourself from crop loss and possibly the plant itself, you need to constantly inspect it. Many diseases can be recognized in a short time, when the damage to the cherry is minimal. How to do this, you can learn from this article.

Holey spot (klyasterosporioz)

 Holey spot or cherry bastardiasis
Holey spot or cherry bastardiasis

This is a fungal disease that affects all tree structures.

  • Signs of Calesterosis. Education on the leaves of light brown spots with red-brown border. Affected tissue dies and falls. Torn holes are formed on the sheet. Shoots are covered with cracking spots, from which gum flows. The kidneys become black and shiny.
  • Treatment. Pruning and burning of all affected areas of the tree. Spraying cherries and near-stem circle with 3% Bordeaux liquid. Digging and complete destruction of plant residues in the near-barrel circle.In case of severe injury, the procedure is repeated after a week. Treatment of gum wounds.
  • Effects. Premature fall of leaves, shoots and branches. Drying fruits, loss of commercial quality.

Coccomycosis: ways to combat the fungus

 Cherry coccomycosis
Cherry coccomycosis

This fungal disease, mainly formed on the leaves, less often affects the berries. This disease is inherent in trees growing in the Moscow region and in other regions of Russia.

  • Signs of. At the beginning of the disease, small red dots appear on the sheet, as the disease progresses, they become larger and gradually merge with each other. With high humidity, a pink bloom forms on the underside of the leaf. Lack of treatment leads to browning and necrosis, dead tissue falls, and lacerated wounds are formed on the leaves.
  • What to do. In the fall (after leaf fall) and spring (before bud break), treat with 4% Bordeaux liquid. Trimming and destruction of the affected areas.
  • Effects. Premature leaf fall, exhaustion and death of the tree, yield loss.

Monilioz or gray rot

 Cherry fruit affected by gray mold (moniliosis)
Cherry fruit affected by gray mold (moniliosis)

This is a fungal disease that is otherwise called a monilial burn. Cherry becomes infected with moniliosis when the tree begins to blossom, through damage to the bark.

  • Signs of. During the wet and warm season, small pustules of white color form on the petioles and the lower surface of the leaves, which in appearance resemble branched chains. The spores of the fungus are carried by the wind and insects on the surface of the fruit, forming brown spots on them, which gradually spread over the entire surface. After another 10 days, yellowish pillows (sporodokhii) are formed on the surface of the fetus. The affected fruits fall off or remain on the branches of the cherry tree where the spores of the fungus overwinter and when the air temperature is above + 15 ° they begin to develop.
  • Treatment. All plant waste in the vicinity of the tree is collected and burned. The branches of the cherry are cut below the lesion level by 10 cm, the bark is cleaned to healthy tissue. Cherry is treated with fungicides, the main drugs: Azocene, Topsin, Horus (15 g / 10 l).
  • Effects. Lack of fruiting, gradual death of the tree, an epidemic on the site.
It is not easy to get rid of moniliosis, therefore, treatment with fungicides should be carried out repeatedly, cutting off the affected areas as they appear and burning all plant waste.

Anthracnose - disease of berries, how to treat

 Cherry anthracnose
Cherry anthracnose

This fungal disease most often affects the fruit of the cherry and remains unnoticed for a long time.

  • Signs of. At the beginning of a lesion, dim points appear on the fruits, gradually expanding in the bulges of a pale pink color. At low humidity, the fruit of the cherry mummified, turn black and fall off.
  • Treatment. Spraying cherries with a contact fungicide Poliram. Processing carried out before and after flowering, and the third in 15 days.
  • Effects. Drying of shoots, yield loss up to 80%.

Godetreatment (hommose)

 Cherry gommosis disease
Cherry gommosis disease

Appears after mechanical damage to the bark, frostbite, sunburn or fungal diseases.

  • Signs of. Isolation of a thick colorless or brown resin from gum damage.
  • Treatment. Disinfection of wounds with 1% copper sulphate solution, treatment with garden pitch. Affected branches are cut and burned. Lime whitewash spring and autumn.
  • Effects. The weakening of the tree, reduced productivity, the death of the branches.

Rust - leaf disease

 Cherry leaves are stained with rust
Cherry leaves are stained with rust

Fungal disease affecting the leaves of the cherry.The causative agent of the fungus is Gymnosporangium sabinae, the host, which is juniper, and the intermediate is pear.

  • Signs of. At the onset of the disease, small greenish-yellow spots are formed on the leaves, which gradually increase and the affected tissues swell. A few days after the first signs appear, a powdery coating forms on the surface of the sheet, which gradually darkens.
  • Treatment. Spraying cherries before blooming buds with 5% Bordeaux mixture, repeated spraying with 1% preparation before flowering. Destruction of plant residues and affected leaves.
  • Effects. Decrease in fruiting and winter hardiness, leaf fall.
Re-planting plum crops in place of the affected plant is possible only after 2-3 years. You need to carefully look at the coniferous crops in the area, which can be sources of rust.

Scab, what measures to take?

 Cherry struck scab
Cherry struck scab

Fungal disease that damages the leaves and fruits of the cherry.

  • Signs of. After the defeat of the cherry spores of the pathogen, brown-olive spots with a velvety surface appear on the leaves. Yellow circles spread around the spot.Gradually, the spores of the fungus are transferred to the fruit, they form cracks. Unripe green fruits cease to develop.
  • Treatment. Spraying cherries and near-stem circle with Nitrafen before blooming buds. After that, you need to do three treatments with 1% Bordeaux liquid: during bud break, after flowering, after harvest. If necessary, repeat the procedure.
  • Effects. Yield loss.

Root cancer, what to do?

 Cancer on the roots of cherry
Cancer on the roots of cherry

This is a bacterial root disease that appears through contaminated soil.

  • Signs of. The appearance on the root neck, the main and lateral roots of tumor growths - galls. At the beginning of the disease the growths are small, soft and with a smooth surface. As the disease progresses, they increase in size, acquire a hard and uneven surface. In the autumn growths are destroyed.
  • Treatment. Two treatments of cherries with a 3% solution of ferrous sulfate: before and after the growing season.
  • Effects. Lack of plant nutrition, violation of sap flow, reduced productivity and resistance to disease.
Before planting, a thorough inspection of the planting material is required.Upon detection of tumor-like growths, the affected areas are cut to healthy tissue, the roots are treated with 1% copper sulfate solution.

Cherry Disease Prevention

Despite the fact that some varieties of cherries are resistant to certain diseases - this is a relative concept. The lack of preventive work, the violation of agricultural culture, adverse climatic conditions in the aggregate weaken the plantand defeat will happen anyway. Therefore, you need to take care of this in advance.

Mechanical damage

If the cherries are damaged by protective covers, and this happens when branches break, leaves break, frost cracks, and bark cuts, the risk of damage increases. Rodent damage to rodents contributes to the development of root cancerwhich can get into the structure of the tree through vectors or from the affected soil.

 Mechanical damage to the bark of the cherry
Mechanical damage to the bark of the cherry

Activity:

  • timely pruning and removal of old, rotten and overgrown branches;
  • treatment of wounds with garden pitch;
  • protection of cherries in the winter from rodents;
  • whitewash of lime from frostblast.
When planting cherries, it is important to prevent possible sweeping of the site by squally winds.

Deficiency of trace elements and moisture

The mass spread of fungal and bacterial infections contributes to climate change. Constant temperature drops between cold and heat create a favorable environment for the development of microorganisms.. In a weak and unprepared tree, the chances of resisting the pressure of fungi and bacteria are very low.

Therefore, autumn dressings are mandatory. How much fertilizer to apply? Based on 1m2 in okolostvolny circle contribute:

  • manure (5 kg) or an aqueous solution of potassium chloride (150 g / 10 l);
  • water solution of superphosphate (300 g / 10 l).
In the absence of rain, water recharge irrigation is carried out at least 18 buckets of water under each tree.

Fungicide protection

Preventive treatment with fungicides should be carried out three times a year.. In the spring before bud break to suppress spores and bacteria that overwintered in tree structures. During flowering to secure the result. In the autumn to minimize the activity of microorganisms during temperature changes.

 Spring processing of trees with fungicides
Spring processing of trees with fungicides

For this cherry is sprayed:

  • in the spring a solution of copper sulphate, soap and water (300g / 50g / 10l);
  • summer an aqueous solution of ferrous sulfate (30 g / 10l);
  • after harvest 1% Bordeaux liquid.
Additional protection for the tree can be created by adding the bluestone in the lime mixture for whitewashing the bole.

To minimize the risk of developing diseases, each year you must adhere to the rules, these are:

  • full removal of plant residues from the site;
  • barrel cleaning trees from bark, layers of moss and lichen;
  • digging plot weed removal;
  • thinning thickened crown;
  • right neighborhood and distance between plants.

The lack of prevention in at least one area of ​​gardening, contributes to the spread of pests that are carriers of bacteria. In addition, the massive defeat of cherry insects greatly depletes the plant. This can be prevented only with full control over the number of pests.

Fall leaves in July or August, causes of tree disease

Often gardeners ask the question: “Why did the cherry drop the leaves in July or in August?” And the reason for this is a fungal disease.

After a wet spring, which is replaced by rainy summer, a completely atypical picture can be observed in the orchard: the leaves have fallen, and on the bare branches ripening fruits of cherry. This happens in the second decade of July.The leaves turn yellow and fall off, and the fruits on such trees become shallow and mummified, which leads to a complete or partial loss of harvest.

The culprit of the pathological phenomenon - coccomycosis, which the tree was hit in the previous season.. Further, the development of the spores of the fungus was promoted by the absence of severe frosts, so the infection survived well and after warming to + 15 ° it began to actively propagate the spores.

 Cherry leaves fall in July
Cherry leaves fall in July

With the defeat of coccomycosis cherries do not die, but it is greatly weakened before winter. Each phase of the tree's life cycle has its own meaning.. At the beginning of the growing season, the roots of the tree provide food for the fruit ovary and leaf growth. And after fruiting and leaves, the leaves provide the roots and structures of the tree with nutrients for the winter season.

Therefore, when the leaves from the tree are shed in July, the cherry cannot properly prepare for the rest period. Having survived several such winters, the tree gradually dies.

Therapeutic measures should be started immediately after the discovery of a lesion. It may be necessary to remove most of the skeletal branches, to carry out several treatments according to the recommended scheme, but without these measures it is impossible to get rid of coccomycosis.

The fight against cherry diseases will be successful if you are well aware of all the weaknesses of infections.. These are dryness, sunshine, purity and fungicide treatment. Maintaining such conditions is not difficult and does not take much time. And you can lay a healthy foundation when planting cherries, avoiding low-lying areas with stagnant moisture and fog.